The life of Rudolf Steiner

Rudolf Steiner (1861-1925) was an influential incarnation of an important Individuality of Rudolf Steiner, closely related to the White Lodge and the Individuality of Christian Rosenkreutz in the Michael age starting in 1879. See also Sources of spiritual science.

His life touched and influenced many souls part of The Michaelic stream directly across Europe. His lifework provided the foundation for a worldwide movement of spiritual science or anthroposophy, that inspired millions of people across the world in the last century.

As a consequence, the life of the man has been the subject of great interest, one can find more than hundred books about his life. Tables FMC00.365 and FMC00.366 below provide a starter overview of dozens of books about his life, including reports from people who knew Steiner directly and describe him as a person from many angles of perspective. See 'Discussion area' below for commentary and recommendations.

Aspects

• Rudolf Steiner started teaching in 1901 at age 40, this is nearly 20 years after he graduated from the University of Vienna in 1883. This period includes the study of the work of Fichte, the writing of the Philosophy of Freedom, and in-depth study of the life and work of Goethe.
• European travel and lecturing activity -see also Rudolf Steiner's Gesambtausausgabe (GA)
  • Rudolf Steiner gave lectures in over 120 cities in at least 12 countries. This is important, because he did invest in the travel and translation to reach souls incarnated across Europe, rather than stay in one location. Like the sewer, these seed activities were then the start of circles of people involved with spiritual science (and this carrying over across generations, providing a lineage as certain anthroposophists provided the personal embodiement and 'spiritual leadership' in the various locations). Some lectures were to a small groups of students, others to several thousands of people. The majority of the lectures were held in Germany (DE) and Switzerland (CH), but also in AT, NO, UK, NL as well as CZ, FR, DK, FI, IT, SE (ISO 3166 country codes are used).
• the approx twenty years of activity as a spiritual teacher between 1904 and 1924 has some milestones that can be related to seven year phases (also described by Rudolf Steiner himself) - see Schema FMC00.124.
  • The period 1917-1923 is such period, as one can sense from the change in lecture contents. In 1917 several new themes arise, such as the threefold human being. The period is concluded with the destruction of the Goetheanum by enemy forces end 1922, then the move out of Berlin to Dornach, and the wishing for a new start with the foundation stone end 1923.
  • The period 1924 shows this renewal with an increase in lecture intensity and focus on the teachings of reincarnation like never before with the Karmic Relationships lectures (see Karma research case studies)
  • Similarly, 1910 shows a new start with the announcement of Christ in the etheric followed by the Fifth Gospel in 1913 (see also RSL main cycles overview)
• the rumour or fact that Rudolf Steiner would at some point have been poisoned (and probably recovered, but all this is hypothesis and hearsay) .. this started later to lead its own life as if the death of Rudolf Steiner would have been caused by this, which mostly everyone agrees was definitely not the case.
  • story of poisoning initially told by Ilona Schubert, re her booklet 'Reminiscences of Rudolf Steiner and Marie Steiner-von Sievers'
• death of Rudolf Steiner at age 64, most sources agree, is related to the karma Rudolf Steiner took upon him (anthro society, uncountable members and people coming to see him, ..), and a decision by the White Lodge (see quote Ita Wegman below). Note similarity, potentially, with Bardon, imprisoned, also leaving the Earth plane at age 49 in 1958, mission mostly accomplished.

Inspirational quotes

The course of my life (GA028)

It was decisive for my soul’s development that I stood spiritually before the Mystery of Golgotha in a deep and solemn celebration of knowledge

Illustrations

Schema FMC00.590: shows some selected pictures of Rudolf Steiner. Left 1905 (age 44), middle 1915 (age 54).

Schema FMC00.590A: shows various pictures of Rudolf Steiner the thinker, or 'in a thinker pose', at various ages.

Schema FMC00.590B: shows a selection of pictures of Rudolf Steiner the teacher (left), the priest (middle-right), and the clairvoyant (right, clairvoyant gaze).

Schema FMC00.590D: shows a selection of pictures of Rudolf Steiner at young (left) and middle age (right). From left to right: a (1879, age 18), b (as a student, est. around 20 or early 20s), c (1886 in Vienna, age 25), d (Weimar period 1892-96, age approx. 31-35), e (around 1900 in Berlin, age 39)

Schema FMC00.124 gives an overview on Rudolf Steiner's adult life and especially his lecturing activity in the three main seven year periods (in colour), the three moon nodes (in grey on the left), and some milestones in the right columns.

Schema FMC00.365 provides a non-exhaustive overview of biographical literature on the life and person of Rudolf Steiner. ISO 3166 codes for country/language where it is not English.

No 31 in the table is Steiner's own partial autobiography. Besides the early books by his students such as Zeylmans (1932) and Wachsmuth (1951) or Bock (1961), well known post-war works were the works by Sheperd (1955), Hemleben (1963, in EN 1975), Colin Wilson (1985) and Lindenberg (1988-1997). The last three have been translated and are available in multiple languages. As the table shows not exhaustively, not all works of biographers were translated or can be compared on equal footing, eg Rihouët-Coroze. Two extended works mentioning are the four volume 'Das Wirken Rudolf Steiners' (1970-80s in DE only) and the recent seven volume bio by Peter Selg (2014-2019).

Schema FMC00.366 provides a non-exhaustive overview of literature on the life and person of Rudolf Steiner, from personal reminiscences and memories by people who knew him directly. See Discussion area for more qualifications and opinions.

Lecture coverage and references

1931-02-27 - Ita Wegman

address on 27 February 1931 in London (from the book: 'Ita Wegman – Esoteric Studies – The Michael Impulse').

I am firmly convinced that Rudolf Steiner would have become better had it not been needful to cut short this earthly life and take over the direction of world events from another plane. Even during his illness he still made very many plans ..

[.. examples .. ]

.. All these were surely things which gave one hope that his health would recover.

But one day he said that everything would take a different course, that I had to have very great courage to carry out what the future demanded of me.

He had not been completely followed, he said, sadly but still lovingly, like someone who had forgiven and had already turned his thoughts to other and greater life tasks.

This was the turning point, as if a heavenly council had taken place which had decided on the future, binding on Rudolf Steiner.

From the GA - Rudolf Steiner bio lifeline

here shortened SWCC, with selected highlights

• 1861: February 25: birth of Rudolf Joseph Lorenz Steiner in Kraljevec, Croatia, near the border with Hungary, where his father Johann Steiner works as a telegrapher for the South Austria Railroad. Rudolf Steiner is baptized two days later, February 27, the date usually given as his birthday.
• 1863: The family moves to Pottschach, Lower Austria, near the Styrian border, where Johann Steiner becomes stationmaster.
• 1867: Rudolf Steiner enters the village school. Following a disagreement between his father and the schoolmaster, whose wife falsely accused the boy of causing a commotion, Rudolf Steiner is taken out of school and taught at home.
• 1868: A critical experience. Unknown to the family, an aunt dies in a distant town. Sitting in the station waiting room, Rudolf Steiner sees her “form,” which speaks to him, asking for help. “Beginning with this experience, a new soul life began in the boy, one in which not only the outer trees and mountains spoke to him, but also the worlds that lay behind them. From this moment on, the boy began to live with the spirits of nature.…”
• 1869: The family moves to the peaceful, rural village of Neudorfl, near Wiener-Neustadt in present-day Austria. Rudolf Steiner attends the village school. Because of the “unorthodoxy” of his writing and spelling, he has to do “extra lessons.”
• 1870: Through a book lent to him by his tutor, he discovers geometry: “To grasp something purely in the spirit brought me inner happiness. I know that I first learned happiness through geometry.” The same tutor allows him to draw, while other students still struggle with their reading and writing. “An artistic element” thus enters his education.
• 1871: Though his parents are not religious, Rudolf Steiner becomes a “church child,” a favorite of the priest, who was “an exceptional character.” “Up to the age of ten or eleven, among those I came to know, he was far and away the most significant.” Among other things, he introduces Steiner to Copernican, heliocentric cosmology. As an altar boy, Rudolf Steiner serves at Masses, funerals, and Corpus Christi processions. At year’s end, after an incident in which he escapes a thrashing, his father forbids him to go to church.
• 1872: Rudolf Steiner transfers to grammar school in Wiener-Neustadt, a five-mile walk from home, which must be done in all weathers.
• 1873–75: Through his teachers and on his own, Rudolf Steiner has many wonderful experiences with science and mathematics. Outside school, he teaches himself analytic geometry, trigonometry, differential equations, and calculus.
• 1876:   Rudolf Steiner begins tutoring other students. He learns bookbinding from his father. He also teaches himself stenography.
• 1877:   Rudolf Steiner discovers Kant’s 'Critique of Pure Reason', which he reads and rereads. He also discovers and reads von Rotteck’s 'World History'.
• 1878: He studies extensively in contemporary psychology and philosophy.
• 1879: Rudolf Steiner graduates from high school with honors. His father is transferred to Inzersdorf, near Vienna. He uses his first visit to Vienna “to purchase a great number of philosophy books” .. Kant, Fichte, Schelling, and Hegel, as well as numerous histories of philosophy. His aim: to find a path from the “I” to nature.
• 1879–1883: Rudolf Steiner attends the Technical College in Vienna to study mathematics, chemistry, physics, mineralogy, botany, zoology, biology, geology, and mechanics (with a scholarship). He also attends lectures in history and literature, while avidly reading philosophy on his own. His two favorite professors are Karl Julius Schröer (German language and literature) and Edmund Reitlinger (physics). He also audits lectures by Robert Zimmerman on aesthetics and Franz Brentano on philosophy. During this year he begins his friendship with Moritz Zitter (1861–1921), who will help support him financially when he is in Berlin.
• 1880: Rudolf Steiner attends lectures on Schiller and Goethe by Karl Julius Schröer, who becomes his mentor. Also “through a remarkable combination of circumstances,” he meets Felix Koguzki, an “herb gatherer” and healer, who could “see deeply into the secrets of nature.” Rudolf Steiner will meet and study with this “emissary of the Master” throughout his time in Vienna.
• 1881:
  • January: “… I didn’t sleep a wink. I was busy with philosophical problems until about 12:30 a.m. Then, finally, I threw myself down on my couch. All my striving during the previous year had been to research whether the following statement by Schelling was true or not: Within everyone dwells a secret, marvelous capacity to draw back from the stream of time—out of the self clothed in all that comes to us from outside—into our innermost being and there, in the immutable form of the Eternal, to look into ourselves. I believe, and I am still quite certain of it, that I discovered this capacity in myself; I had long had an inkling of it. Now the whole of idealist philosophy stood before me in modified form. What’s a sleepless night compared to that!”
  • Rudolf Steiner begins communicating with leading thinkers of the day, who send him books in return, which he reads eagerly.
  • July:     “I am not one of those who dives into the day like an animal in human form. I pursue a quite specific goal, an idealistic aim—knowledge of the truth! This cannot be done offhandedly. It requires the greatest striving in the world, free of all egotism, and equally of all resignation.”
  • August: Steiner puts down on paper for the first time thoughts for a “Philosophy of Freedom.” “The striving for the absolute: this human yearning is freedom.” He also seeks to outline a “peasant philosophy,” describing what the worldview of a “peasant”—one who lives close to the earth and the old ways—really is.
• 1881–1882: Felix Koguzki, the herb gatherer, reveals himself to be the envoy of another, higher initiatory personality, who instructs Rudolf Steiner to penetrate Fichte’s philosophy and to master modern scientific thinking as a preparation for right entry into the spirit. This “Master” also teaches him the double (evolutionary and involutionary) nature of time.
• 1882:   Through the offices of Karl Julius Schröer, Rudolf Steiner is asked by Joseph Kurschner to edit Goethe’s scientific works for the Deutschen National-Literatur edition. He writes “A Possible Critique of Atomistic Concepts” and sends it to Friedrich Theodore Vischer.
• 1883: Rudolf Steiner completes his college studies and begins work on the Goethe project.
• 1884: First volume of Goethe’s Scientific Writings (GA001) appears (March). He lectures on Goethe and Lessing, and Goethe’s approach to science. In July, he enters the household of Ladislaus and Pauline Specht as tutor to the four Specht boys. He will live there until 1890. At this time, he meets Josef Breuer (1842–1925), the coauthor with Sigmund Freud of Studies in Hysteria, who is the Specht family doctor.
• 1885: While continuing to edit Goethe’s writings, Rudolf Steiner reads deeply in contemporary philosophy (Edouard von Hartmann, Johannes Volkelt, and Richard Wahle, among others).
• 1886: May: Rudolf Steiner sends Kurschner the manuscript of Outlines of Goethe’s Theory of Knowledge (GA002), which appears in October, and which he sends out widely. He also meets the poet Marie Eugenie Delle Grazie and writes “Nature and Our Ideals” for her. He attends her salon, where he meets many priests, theologians, and philosophers, who will become his friends. Meanwhile, the director of the Goethe Archive in Weimar requests his collaboration with the Sophien edition of Goethe’s works, particularly the writings on color.
• 1887: At the beginning of the year, Rudolf Steiner is very sick. As the year progresses and his health improves, he becomes increasingly “a man of letters,” lecturing, writing essays, and taking part in Austrian cultural life. In August-September, the second volume of Goethe’s Scientific Writings appears.
• 1888 January–July: Rudolf Steiner assumes editorship of the “German Weekly” (Deutsche Wochenschrift ). He begins lecturing more intensively, giving, for example, a lecture titled “Goethe as Father of a New Aesthetics.” He meets and becomes soul friends with Friedrich Eckstein (1861–1939), a vegetarian, philosopher of symbolism, alchemist, and musician, who will introduce him to various spiritual currents (including Theosophy) and with whom he will meditate and interpret esoteric and alchemical texts.
• 1889: Rudolf Steiner first reads Nietzsche (Beyond Good and Evil ). He encounters Theosophy again and learns of Madame Blavatsky in the Theosophical circle around Marie Lang (1858–1934). Here he also meets well-known figures of Austrian life, as well as esoteric figures like the occultist Franz Hartman and Karl Leinigen-Billigen (translator of C.G. Harrison’s The Transcendental Universe.) During this period, Steiner first reads A.P. Sinnett’s Esoteric Buddhism and Mabel Collins’s Light on the Path. He also begins traveling, visiting Budapest, Weimar, and Berlin (where he meets philosopher Edouard von Hartman).
• 1890: Rudolf Steiner finishes volume 3 of Goethe’s scientific writings. He begins his doctoral dissertation, which will become Truth and Science (GA003). He also meets the poet and feminist Rosa Mayreder (1858–1938), with whom he can exchange his most intimate thoughts. In September, Rudolf Steiner moves to Weimar to work in the Goethe-Schiller Archive.
• 1891: Volume 3 of the Kurschner edition of Goethe appears. Meanwhile, Rudolf Steiner edits Goethe’s studies in mineralogy and scientific writings for the Sophien edition. He meets Ludwig Laistner of the Cotta Publishing Company, who asks for a book on the basic question of metaphysics. From this will result, ultimately, The Philosophy of Freedom (GA004), which will be published not by Cotta but by Emil Felber. In October, Rudolf Steiner takes the oral exam for a doctorate in philosophy, mathematics, and mechanics at Rostock University, receiving his doctorate on the twenty-sixth. In November, he gives his first lecture on Goethe’s “Fairy Tale” in Vienna.
• 1892: Rudolf Steiner continues work at the Goethe-Schiller Archive and on his Philosophy of Freedom. Truth and Science, his doctoral dissertation, is published. Steiner undertakes to write introductions to books on Schopenhauer and Jean Paul for Cotta. At year’s end, he finds lodging with Anna Eunike, née Schulz (1853–1911), a widow with four daughters and a son. He also develops a friendship with Otto Erich Hartleben (1864–1905) with whom he shares literary interests.
• 1893: Rudolf Steiner begins his habit of producing many reviews and articles. In March, he gives a lecture titled “Hypnotism, with Reference to Spiritism.” In September, volume 4 of the Kurschner edition is completed. In November, The Philosophy of Freedom appears. This year, too, he meets John Henry Mackay (1864–1933), the anarchist, and Max Stirner, a scholar and biographer.
• 1894: Rudolf Steiner meets Elisabeth Förster Nietzsche, the philosopher’s sister, and begins to read Nietzsche in earnest, beginning with the as yet unpublished Antichrist. He also meets Ernst Haeckel (1834–1919). In the fall, he begins to write Nietzsche, A Fighter against His Time (GA005).
• 1895: May, Nietzsche, A Fighter against His Time appears.
• 1896: January 22: Rudolf Steiner sees Friedrich Nietzsche for the first and only time. Moves between the Nietzsche and the Goethe-Schiller Archives, where he completes his work before year’s end. He falls out with Elisabeth Förster Nietzsche, thus ending his association with the Nietzsche Archive.
• 1897: Rudolf Steiner finishes the manuscript of Goethe’s Worldview (GA006). He moves to Berlin with Anna Eunike and begins editorship of the Magazin fur Literatur. From now on, Steiner will write countless reviews, literary and philosophical articles, and so on. He begins lecturing at the “Free Literary Society.” In September, he attends the Zionist Congress in Basel. He sides with Dreyfus in the Dreyfus affair.
• 1898: Rudolf Steiner is very active as an editor in the political, artistic, and theatrical life of Berlin. He becomes friendly with John Henry Mackay and poet Ludwig Jacobowski (1868–1900). He joins Jacobowski’s circle of writers, artists, and scientists—“The Coming Ones” (Die Kommenden) - and contributes lectures to the group until 1903. He also lectures at the “League for College Pedagogy.” He writes an article for Goethe’s sesquicentennial, “Goethe’s Secret Revelation,” on the “Fairy Tale of the Green Snake and the Beautiful Lily.”
• 1898–99: “This was a trying time for my soul as I looked at Christianity…I was able to progress only by contemplating, by means of spiritual perception, the evolution of Christianity…Conscious knowledge of real Christianity began to dawn in me around the turn of the century. This seed continued to develop. My soul trial occurred shortly before the beginning of the twentieth century. It was decisive for my soul’s development that I stood spiritually before the Mystery of Golgotha in a deep and solemn celebration of knowledge.”
• 1899:   Rudolf Steiner begins teaching and giving lectures and lecture cycles at the Workers’ College, founded by Wilhelm Liebknecht (1826–1900). He will continue to do so until 1904. Writes: Literature and Spiritual Life in the Nineteenth Century; Individualism in Philosophy; Haeckel and His Opponents; Poetry in the Present; and begins what will become (fifteen years later). The Riddles of Philosophy (CW 18). He also meets many artists and writers, including Käthe Kollwitz, Stefan Zweig, and Rainer Maria Rilke. On October 31, he marries Anna Eunike.
• 1900:
  • “I thought that the turn of the century must bring humanity a new light. It seemed to me that the separation of human thinking and willing from the spirit had peaked. A turn or reversal of direction in human evolution seemed to me a necessity.” Rudolf Steiner finishes World and Life Views in the Nineteenth Century (the second part of what will become The Riddles of Philosophy) and dedicates it to Ernst Haeckel. It is published in March. He continues lecturing at Die Kommenden, whose leadership he assumes after the death of Jacobowski. Also, he gives the Gutenberg Jubilee lecture before 7,000 typesetters and printers.
  • In September, Rudolf Steiner is invited by Count and Countess Brockdorff to lecture in the Theosophical Library. His first lecture is on Nietzsche. His second lecture is titled “Goethe’s Secret Revelation.”
  • October 6, he begins a lecture cycle on the mystics that will become Mystics after Modernism (GA007).
  • November–December: “Marie von Sivers appears in the audience….” Also in November, Steiner gives his first lecture at the Giordano Bruno Bund (where he will continue to lecture until May, 1905). He speaks on Bruno and modern Rome, focusing on the importance of the philosophy of Thomas Aquinas as monism.
• 1901:
  • In continual financial straits, Rudolf Steiner’s early friends Moritz Zitter and Rosa Mayreder help support him.
  • October: he begins the lecture cycle Christianity as Mystical Fact (GA008) at the Theosophical Library.
  • November: he gives his first “Theosophical lecture” on Goethe’s “Fairy Tale” in Hamburg at the invitation of Wilhelm Hubbe-Schleiden. He also attends a tea to celebrate the founding of the Theosophical Society at Count and Countess Brockdorff’s. He gives a lecture cycle, “From Buddha to Christ,” for the circle of the Kommenden.
  • November 17, Marie von Sivers asks Rudolf Steiner if Theosophy does not need a Western-Christian spiritual movement (to complement Theosophy’s Eastern emphasis). “The question was posed. Now, following spiritual laws, I could begin to give an answer….”
  • December: Rudolf Steiner writes his first article for a Theosophical publication. At year’s end, the Brockdorffs and possibly Wilhelm Hubbe-Schleiden ask Rudolf Steiner to join the Theosophical Society and undertake the leadership of the German section. Rudolf Steiner agrees, on the condition that Marie von Sivers (then in Italy) work with him.
• 1902:
  • Beginning in January, Rudolf Steiner attends the opening of the Workers’ School in Spandau with Rosa Luxemburg (1870–1919). January 17, Rudolf Steiner joins the Theosophical Society.
  • In April, he is asked to become general secretary of the German Section of the Theosophical Society, and works on preparations for its founding.
  • In July, he visits London for a Theosophical congress. He meets Bertram Keightly, G.R.S. Mead, A.P. Sinnett, and Annie Besant, among others. In September, Christianity as Mystical Fact appears.
  • In October, Rudolf Steiner gives his first public lecture on Theosophy (“Monism and Theosophy”) to about three hundred people at the Giordano Bruno Bund. From October 19–21, the German Section of the Theosophical Society has its first meeting; Rudolf Steiner is the general secretary, and Annie Besant attends. Steiner lectures on practical karma studies. On October 23, Annie Besant inducts Rudolf Steiner into the Esoteric School of the Theosophical Society. On October 25, Steiner begins a weekly series of lectures: “The Field of Theosophy.”
  • During this year, Rudolf Steiner also first meets Ita Wegman (1876–1943), who will become his close collaborator in his final years.
• 1903: Rudolf Steiner holds about 300 lectures and seminars. In May, the first issue of the periodical Luzifer appears. In June, Rudolf Steiner visits London for the first meeting of the Federation of the European Sections of the Theosophical Society, where he meets Colonel Olcott. He begins to write Theosophy (GA009).
• 1904: Rudolf Steiner continues lecturing at the Workers’ College and elsewhere (about 90 lectures), while lecturing intensively all over Germany among Theosophists (about 140 lectures). In February, he meets Carl Unger (1878–1929), who will become a member of the board of the Anthroposophical Society (1913). In March, he meets Michael Bauer (1871–1929), a Christian mystic, who will also be on the board. In May, Theosophy appears, with the dedication: “To the spirit of Giordano Bruno.” Rudolf Steiner and Marie von Sivers visit London for meetings with Annie Besant. June: Rudolf Steiner and Marie von Sivers attend the meeting of the Federation of European Sections of the Theosophical Society in Amsterdam. In July, Steiner begins the articles in Luzifer-Gnosis that will become How to Know Higher Worlds (GA010) and Cosmic Memory (GA011). In September, Annie Besant visits Germany. In December, Steiner lectures on Freemasonry. He mentions the High Grade Masonry derived from John Yarker and represented by Theodore Reuss and Karl Kellner as a blank slate “into which a good image could be placed.”
• 1905: Steiner ends his non-Theosophical lecturing activity.
  • Supported by Marie von Sivers, his Theosophical lecturing, both in public and in the Theosophical Society, increases significantly: “The German Theosophical Movement is of exceptional importance.” Steiner recommends reading, among others, Fichte, Jacob Boehme, and Angelus Silesius. He begins to introduce Christian themes into Theosophy.
  • He also begins to work with doctors (Felix Peipers and Ludwig Noll).
  • In July, he is in London for the Federation of European Sections, where he attends a lecture by Annie Besant: “I have seldom seen Mrs. Besant speak in so inward and heartfelt a manner….” “Through Mrs. Besant I have found the way to H. P. Blavatsky.”
  • September to October, he gives a course of thirty-one lectures for a small group of esoteric students. In October, the annual meeting of the German Section of the Theosophical Society, which still remains very small, takes place. Rudolf Steiner reports membership has risen from 121 to 377 members.
  • In November, seeking to establish esoteric “continuity, ”Rudolf Steiner and Marie von Sivers participate in a “Memphis-Misraim” Masonic ceremony. They pay forty-five marks for membership. “Yesterday, you saw how little remains of former esoteric institutions.” “We are dealing only with a ‘framework’… for the present, nothing lies behind it. The occult powers have completely withdrawn.”
• 1906:
  • Expansion of Theosophical work. Rudolf Steiner gives about 245 lectures, only 44 of which take place in Berlin. Cycles are given in Paris, Leipzig, Stuttgart, and Munich. Esoteric work also intensifies. Rudolf Steiner begins writing An Outline of Esoteric Science (GA013).
  • In January, Rudolf Steiner receives permission (a patent) from the Great Orient of the Scottish A & A Thirty-Three Degree Rite of the Order of the Ancient Freemasons of the Memphis-Misraim Rite to direct a chapter under the name “Mystica Aeterna.” This will become the “Cognitive Cultic Section” (also called “Misraim Service”) of the Esoteric School. (See: From the History and Contents of the Cognitive Cultic Section (GA264). During this time, Steiner also meets Albert Schweitzer. In May, he is in Paris, where he visits Edouard Schuré. Many Russians attend his lectures (including Konstantin Balmont, Dimitri Mereszkovski, Zinaida Hippius, and Maximilian Voloshin). He attends the General Meeting of the European Federation of the Theosophical Society, at which Col. Olcott is present for the last time. He spends the year’s end in Venice and Rome, where he writes and works on his translation of H. P. Blavatsky’s Key to Theosophy.
• 1907:
  • Further expansion of the German Theosophical Movement according to the Rosicrucian directive to “introduce spirit into the world” - in education, in social questions, in art, and in science. In February, Col. Olcott dies in Adyar. Before he dies, Olcott indicates that “the Masters” wish Annie Besant to succeed him: much politicking ensues. Rudolf Steiner supports Besant’s candidacy.
  • April–May: preparations for the Congress of the Federation of European Sections of the Theosophical Society - the great Whitsun “Munich Congress,” attended by Annie Besant and others. Steiner decides to separate Eastern and Western (Christian-Rosicrucian) esoteric schools. He takes his esoteric school out of the Theosophical Society (Besant and Rudolf Steiner are “in harmony” on this). Steiner makes his first lecture tours to Austria and Hungary. That summer, he is in Italy.
  • In September, he visits Edouard Schuré, who will write the introduction to the French edition of Christianity as Mystical Fact in Barr, Alsace. Rudolf Steiner writes the autobiographical statement known as the “Barr Document.” In Luzifer–Gnosis, “The Education of the Child” appears.
• 1908: The movement grows (membership: 1150). Lecturing expands. Steiner makes his first extended lecture tour to Holland and Scandinavia, as well as visits to Naples and Sicily. Themes: St. John’s Gospel, the Apocalypse, Egypt, science, philosophy, and logic. Luzifer-Gnosis ceases publication. In Berlin, Marie von Sivers (with Johanna Mücke (1864–1949) forms the Philosophisch-Theosophisch (after 1915 Philosophisch-Anthroposophisch) Verlag to publish Steiner’s work. Steiner gives lecture cycles titled The Gospel of St. John (GA103) and The Apocalypse (GA104).
• 1909:
  • An Outline of Esoteric Science appears. Lecturing and travel continues. Rudolf Steiner’s spiritual research expands to include the polarity of Lucifer and Ahriman; the work of great individualities in history; the Maitreya Buddha and the Bodhisattvas; spiritual economy (GA109); the work of the spiritual hierarchies in heaven and on Earth (GA110). He also deepens and intensifies his research into the Gospels, giving lectures on the Gospel of St. Luke (GA114) with the first mention of two Jesus children.
  • Meets and becomes friends with Christian Morgenstern (1871–1914).
  • In April, he lays the foundation stone for the Malsch model, the building that will lead to the first Goetheanum.
  • In May, the International Congress of the Federation of European Sections of the Theosophical Society takes place in Budapest. Rudolf Steiner receives the Subba Row medal for How to Know Higher Worlds. During this time, Charles W. Leadbeater discovers Jiddu Krishnamurti (1895–1986) and proclaims him the future “world teacher,” the bearer of the Maitreya Buddha and the “reappearing Christ.”
  • In October, Steiner delivers seminal lectures on “anthroposophy,” which he will try, unsuccessfully, to rework over the next years into the unfinished work, Anthroposophy (A Fragment) (GA045).
• 1910:
  • New themes: The Reappearance of Christ in the Etheric (GA118); The Mission of Folk Souls (GA121); Occult History (GA126); the evolving development of etheric cognitive capacities. Rudolf Steiner continues his Gospel research with The Gospel of St. Matthew (GA123).
  • In January, his father dies. In April, he takes a month-long trip to Italy, including Rome, Monte Cassino, and Sicily. He also visits Scandinavia again. July–August, he writes the first mystery drama, The Portal of Initiation (GA014). In November, he gives “psychosophy” lectures. In December, he submits “On the Psychological Foundations and Epistemological Framework of Theosophy” to the International Philosophical Congress in Bologna.
• 1911:
  • The crisis in the Theosophical Society deepens. In January, “The Order of the Rising Sun,” which will soon become “The Order of the Star in the East,” is founded for the coming world teacher, Krishnamurti. At the same time, Marie von Sivers, Rudolf Steiner’s coworker, falls ill. Fewer lectures are given, but important new ground is broken.
  • In Prague, in March, Steiner meets Franz Kafka (1883–1924) and Hugo Bergmann (1883–1975). In April, he delivers his paper to the Philosophical Congress. He writes the second mystery drama, The Soul’s Probation (GA014). Also, while Marie von Sivers is convalescing, Rudolf Steiner begins work on Calendar 1912/1913, which will contain the “Calendar of the Soul” meditations. On March 19, Anna (Eunike) Steiner dies. In September, Rudolf Steiner visits Einsiedeln, birthplace of Paracelsus. In December, Friedrich Rittelmeyer, future founder of the Christian Community, meets Rudolf Steiner.
  • The Johannes-Bauverein, the “building committee,” which would lead to the first Goetheanum (first planned for Munich), is also founded, and a preliminary committee for the founding of an independent association is created that, in the following year, will become the Anthroposophical Society.
  • Important lecture cycles include Occult Physiology (GA128); Wonders of the World (GA129); From Jesus to Christ (GA131). Other themes: esoteric Christianity; Christian Rosenkreutz; the spiritual guidance of humanity; the sense world and the world of the spirit.
• 1912:
  • Despite the ongoing, now increasing crisis in the Theosophical Society, much is accomplished: Calendar 1912/1913 is published; eurythmy is created; both the third mystery drama, The Guardian of the Threshold (GA014) and A Way of Self-Knowledge (GA016) are written. New (or renewed) themes included life between death and rebirth and karma and reincarnation. Other lecture cycles: Spiritual Beings in the Heavenly Bodies and the Kingdoms of Nature (GA136); The Human Being in the Light of Occultism, Theosophy, and Philosophy (GA137); The Gospel of St. Mark (GA139); and The Bhagavad Gita and the Epistles of Paul (GA142).
  • On May 8, Rudolf Steiner celebrates White Lotus Day, H. P. Blavatsky’s death day, which he had faithfully observed for the past decade, for the last time. In August, Rudolf Steiner suggests the “independent association” be called the “Anthroposophical Society.” In September, the first eurythmy course takes place. In October, Rudolf Steiner declines recognition of a Theosophical Society lodge dedicated to the Star of the East and decides to expel all Theosophical Society members belonging to the order. Also, with Marie von Sivers, he first visits Dornach, near Basel, Switzerland, and they stand on the hill where the Goetheanum will be. In November, a Theosophical Society lodge is opened by direct mandate from Adyar (Annie Besant). In December, a meeting of the German section occurs at which it is decided that belonging to the Order of the Star of the East is incompatible with membership in the Theosophical Society. December 28: informal founding of the Anthroposophical Society in Berlin.
• 1913:
  • Expulsion of the German section from the Theosophical Society. February 2–3: Foundation meeting of the Anthroposophical Society. Board members include: Marie von Sivers, Michael Bauer, and Carl Unger.
  • September 20: Laying of the foundation stone for the Johannes Bau (Goetheanum) in Dornach. Building begins immediately.
  • The third mystery drama, The Soul’s Awakening (GA014), is completed. Lecture cycles include: Secrets of the Threshold (GA147), The Esoteric Meaning of the Bhagavad Gita (GA146), which the Russian philosopher Nikolai Berdyaev attends; The Mysteries of the East and of Christianity (GA144); The Effects of Esoteric Development (GA145); and The Fifth Gospel (GA148). In May, Rudolf Steiner is in London and Paris, where anthroposophical work continues.
• 1914:
  • Building continues on the Johannes Bau (Goetheanum) in Dornach, with artists and coworkers from seventeen nations. The general assembly of the Anthroposophical Society takes place. In May, Rudolf Steiner visits Paris, as well as Chartres Cathedral. June 28: assassination in Sarajevo (“Now the catastrophe has happened!”). August 1: War is declared. Rudolf Steiner returns to Germany from Dornach—he will travel back and forth. He writes the last chapter of The Riddles of Philosophy. Lecture cycles include: Human and Cosmic Thought (GA151); Inner Being of Humanity between Death and a New Birth (GA153); Occult Reading and Occult Hearing (GA156).
  • December 24: marriage of Rudolf Steiner and Marie von Sivers.
• 1915: Building continues. Life after death becomes a major theme, also art. Lectures include: The Secret of Death (GA159); The Uniting of Humanity through the Christ Impulse (GA165).
• 1916: Rudolf Steiner begins work with Edith Maryon (1872–1924) on the sculpture “The Representative of Humanity”. He also works with the alchemist Alexander von Bernus on the quarterly Das Reich. He writes The Riddle of Humanity (GA020). Lectures include: Necessity and Freedom in World History and Human Action (GA166); Past and Present in the Human Spirit (GA167); The Karma of Vocation (GA172); The Karma of Untruthfulness (GA173).
• 1917:
  • Russian Revolution. The U.S. enters the war. Building continues. Rudolf Steiner delineates the idea of the “threefold nature of the human being” (in a public lecture March 15) and the “threefold nature of the social organism” (hammered out in May–June with the help of Otto von Lerchenfeld and Ludwig Polzer-Hoditz in the form of two documents titled Memoranda, which were distributed in high places).
  • August–September: Rudolf Steiner writes The Riddles of the Soul (GA021). Also: commentary on “The Chemical Wedding of Christian Rosenkreutz” for Alexander Bernus (Das Reich) . Lectures include: The Karma of Materialism (GA176); The Spiritual Background of the Outer World: The Fall of the Spirits of Darkness (GA177).
• 1918 March 18: peace treaty of Brest-Litovsk .. “Now everything will truly enter chaos! What is needed is cultural renewal.” June: Rudolf Steiner visits Karlstein (Grail) Castle outside Prague. Lecture cycle: From Symptom to Reality in Modern History (GA185).
  • In mid-November, Emil Molt, of the Waldorf-Astoria Cigarette Company, has the idea of founding a school for his workers’ children.
• 1919:
  • Focus on the threefold social organism: tireless travel, countless lectures, meetings, and publications. At the same time, a new public stage of Anthroposophy emerges as cultural renewal begins. The coming years will see initiatives in pedagogy, medicine, pharmacology, and agriculture. January 27: threefold meeting: “We must first of all, with the money we have, found free schools that can bring people what they need.” February: first public eurythmy performance in Zurich. Also: “Appeal to the German People” (CW 24), circulated March 6 as a newspaper insert. In April, Toward Social Renewal (GA023)—“perhaps the most widely read of all books on politics appearing since the war” appears.
  • Rudolf Steiner is asked to undertake the “direction and leadership” of the school founded by the Waldorf-Astoria Company. Rudolf Steiner begins to talk about the “renewal” of education. May 30: a building is selected and purchased for the future Waldorf School. August–September, Rudolf Steiner gives a lecture course for Waldorf teachers, The Foundations of Human Experience (Study of Man) (GA293). September 7: Opening of the first Waldorf School.
  • December (into January): first science course, The Light Course (GA320).
• 1920:
  • The Waldorf School flourishes.
  • New threefold initiatives. Founding of limited companies Der Kommenden Tag and Futurum A.G. to infuse spiritual values into the economic realm.
  • Rudolf Steiner also focuses on the sciences. Lectures: Introducing Anthroposophical Medicine (GA312); The Warmth Course (GA321); The Boundaries of Natural Science (GA322); The Redemption of Thinking (GA074).
  • In March, Rudolf Steiner gives the first course for doctors and medical students. September 27–October 16: anthroposophical “college course.” December: lectures titled The Search for the New Isis (GA202).
  • February: Johannes Werner Klein, later a cofounder of the Christian Community, asks Rudolf Steiner about the possibility of a “religious renewal,” a “Johannine church.” In April, a divinity student asks Rudolf Steiner a second time about the possibility of religious renewal.
• 1921:
  • Rudolf Steiner continues his intensive work on cultural renewal, including the uphill battle for the threefold social order.
  • “College” arts, scientific, theological, and medical courses include: The Astronomy Course (GA323); Observation, Mathematics, and Scientific Experiment (GA324); the Second Medical Course (GA313); Color. In June and September–October, Rudolf Steiner also gives the first two “priests’ courses” (GA342 and GA343).
  • The “youth movement” gains momentum.
  • Magazines are founded: Die Drei (January), and—under the editorship of Albert Steffen (1884–1963)—the weekly, Das Goetheanum (August). In February–March, Rudolf Steiner takes his first trip outside Germany since the war (Holland). On April 7, Steiner receives a letter regarding “religious renewal,” and May 22–23, he agrees to address the question in a practical way.
  • In June, the Klinical-Therapeutic Institute opens in Arlesheim under the direction of Dr. Ita Wegman. In August, the Chemical-Pharmaceutical Laboratory opens in Arlesheim (Oskar Schmiedel and Ita Wegman, directors). The Clinical Therapeutic Institute is inaugurated in Stuttgart (Dr. Ludwig Noll, director); also the Research Laboratory in Dornach (Ehrenfried Pfeiffer and Gunther Wachsmuth, directors). In November–December, Rudolf Steiner visits Norway.
• 1922:
  • The first half of the year involves very active public lecturing (thousands attend); in the second half, Rudolf Steiner begins to withdraw and turn toward the Society - “The Society is asleep.” It is “too weak” to do what is asked of it. The businesses - Die Kommenden Tag and Futura A.G. - fail.
  • In January, with the help of an agent, Steiner undertakes a twelve-city German tour, accompanied by eurythmy performances. In two weeks he speaks to more than 2,000 people. In April, he gives a “college course” in The Hague. He also visits England. In June, he is in Vienna for the East-West Congress. In August–September, he is back in England for the Oxford Conference on Education. Returning to Dornach, he gives the lectures Philosophy, Cosmology, and Religion (GA215), and gives the third priest’s course (GA344). On September 16, The Christian Community is founded. In October–November, Steiner is in Holland and England. He also speaks to the youth: The Youth Course (GA217). In December, Steiner gives lectures titled The Origins of Natural Science (GA326), and Man and the World of Stars: The Spiritual Communion of Humanity (GA219).
  • December 31: Fire at the Goetheanum, which is destroyed.
• 1923:
  • Despite the fire, Rudolf Steiner continues his work unabated. A very hard year. Internal dispersion, dissension, and apathy abound. There is conflict—between old and new visions—within the society. A wake-up call is needed, and Rudolf Steiner responds with renewed lecturing vitality. His focus: the spiritual context of human life; initiation science; the course of the year; and community building. As a foundation for an artistic school, he creates a series of pastel sketches.
  • Lecture cycles: The Evolution of Consciousness (GA227) (in England at the Penmaenmawr Summer School); The Four Seasons and the Archangels (GA229); Harmony of the Creative Word (GA230); At Home in the Universe (GA231), given in Holland for the founding of the Dutch society.
  • On November 10, in response to the failed Hitler-Ludendorf putsch in Munich, Steiner closes his Berlin residence and moves the Philosophisch-Anthroposophisch Verlag (Press) to Dornach.
  • On December 9, Steiner begins the serialization of his Autobiography: The Course of My Life (GA028) in Das Goetheanum. It will continue to appear weekly, without a break, until his death. Late December-early January: Rudolf Steiner refounds the Anthroposophical Society (about 12,000 members internationally) and takes over its leadership. The new board members are: Marie Steiner, Ita Wegman, Albert Steffen, Elizabeth Vreede, and Guenther Wachsmuth. See The Christmas Meeting for the Founding of the General Anthroposophical Society (GA260). Accompanying lectures: Mystery Knowledge and Mystery Centers (GA232); World History in the Light of Anthroposophy (GA233).
  • December 25: the Foundation Stone is laid (in the hearts of members) in the form of the “Foundation Stone Meditation.”
• 1924:
  • January 1: having founded the Anthroposophical Society and taken over its leadership, Rudolf Steiner has the task of “reforming” it. The process begins with a weekly newssheet (“What’s Happening in the Anthroposophical Society”) in which Rudolf Steiner’s “Letters to Members” and “Anthroposophical Leading Thoughts” appear (GA26). The next step is the creation of a new esoteric class, the “first class” of the “College of Spiritual Science” (which was to have been followed, had Rudolf Steiner lived longer, by two more advanced classes). Then comes a new language for Anthroposophy—practical, phenomenological, and direct; and
  • Rudolf Steiner creates the model for the second Goetheanum.
  • He begins the series of extensive Karmic Relationship lectures (GA235–40); and finally, responding to needs, he creates two new initiatives: biodynamic agriculture and curative education.
  • After the middle of the year, rumors begin to circulate regarding Steiner’s health.
  • Lectures: January–February, Anthroposophy (GA234); February: Tone Eurythmy (GA278); June: The Agriculture Course (GA327); June–July: Speech Eurythmy (GA279); Curative Education (GA317); August: (England, “Second International Summer School”), True and False Paths in Spiritual Investigation (GA243); September: Pastoral Medicine (GA318).
  • On September 26, for the first time, Rudolf Steiner cancels a lecture. On September 28, he gives his last lecture. On September 29, he withdraws to his studio in the carpenter’s shop; now he is definitively ill. Cared for by Ita Wegman, he continues working, however, and writing the weekly installments of his Autobiography and Letters to the Members/Leading Thoughts (GA026).
• 1925:
  • Rudolf Steiner, while continuing to work, continues to weaken. He finishes Extending Practical Medicine (GA27) with Ita Wegman.
  • Rudolf Steiner dies on March 30, around ten in the morning.

2017-10-24-DL

Note on Rudolf Steiner's illness and death, published as a forum post contribution to anthropper website:

Just want to add a short piece of text that I always felt is important, but surprisingly one hardly finds it referenced in any books on Steiner that describe the end of his life. The excerpt below is written by Ita Wegman, it was given in an address on 27 February 1931 in London (see 'Ita Wegman – Esoteric Studies – The Michael Impulse').

“I am firmly convinced that Rudolf Steiner would have become better had it not been needful to cut short this earthly life and take over the direction of world events from another plane. Even during his illness he still made very many plans .. [.. examples .. ] .. All these were surely things which gave one hope that his health would recover. But one day he said that everything would take a different course, that I had to have very great courage to carry out what the future demanded of me. He had not been completely followed, he said, sadly but still lovingly, like someone who had forgiven and had already turned his thoughts to other and greater life tasks. This was the turning point, as if a heavenly council had taken place which had decided on the future, binding on Rudolf Steiner ..”

That is what I wanted to add. Now as to positioning why I feel the above is relevant to this discussion:

The life and mission of high initiates is not quite like that of most human beings, and this also goes for their birth and death. An illustration of that is Franz Bardon who came and went in rather special ways.

In my humble opinion the above excerpt has to be put in perspective of what Steiner explained about the ‘White Lodge’ or also the ‘Masters of Wisdom and of the Harmony of Feelings’, that unites the group of adepts that are guiding the development of mankind (see lectures in the period 1905-1909, ai 1905-03-16, 1905-10-21, 1907-03-07, 1909-10-25, 1909-08-31 - re White Lodge). My suggestion is one should also read, at least for perspective, the last chapter of the occult novel Frabato that Franz Bardon dictated. There are various versions of this book, and also rumours about which published version corresponds to the authentic manuscript (Dieter Ruggeberg has clarified on this matter), but anyway: in one chapter the structure of that White Lodge is described (eg the twelve main adepts working with seventy two masters, etc), as well as a meeting whereby initiatives receive their mission. Rudolf Steiner also referred to such meetings in his lectures, and described some members by names of some well-known earthly incarnations (see the above mentioned lectures).

It is my personal belief that Rudolf Steiner, but also Franz Bardon (1909-1958, aka Master Arion), Peter Dounov (1864-1944, aka Beinsa Douno), and Stylianos Atteshlis (1912–1995, aka Daskalos) are all members of the greater circle of this lodge, say the 12+72. In fact if one studies their teachings and interviews, also Beinsa Douno and Daskalos make explicit reference and descriptions of the White Lodge that are remarkably consistent with what Steiner and Bardon described.

To conclude: asked in an interview about Rudolf Steiner, Daskalos described that he knew Rudolf Steiner for a very, very long time, and was in regular contact with him. Also that both himself and Steiner belonged to the same Christian stream. And then literally:

“We are working together. There is no difference between my teachers and those by Rudolf Steiner”.

Daskalos also said on Rudolf Steiner: “He is a very high being, one of the highest beings at all.”

(Source: interview Daskalos by Günther Zwahlen on 13 August 1990 in Switzerland, published in ‘Goetheanum’ No 34 of 3 December 1995).

Discussion

Note 1 - Recommendations re table FMC00.366

Most of these are in German. It is suggested to look into second hand bookshops online to find certain works no longer readily available.

In English, good introductory reads as an introduction to the personal side of Rudolf Steiner are No 21 or 22 in the table

• No 21 - Rudolf Steiner - Recollections by some of his pupils (published by the Golden Blade, 1985)
• No 22 - A Man Before Others: Rudolf Steiner Remembered (1993)
• or else also Rittelmeyer eg No 27 'Rudolf Steiner Enters My Life'

In German:

• A book that stands out, is No 3: Andrej Belyj's 'Verwandeln des Lebens' (1975 in DE, third edition 1990, original in RU 1929)
  • this is probably the richest book in terms of detailed descriptions by Belyj who gives both poetic and almost cinematographic descriptions of Steiner and his humour, social behaviour, clothing, favourite meals and drinks, and so on, but also more importantly his soul and spiritual energy in human relationships. Belyj followed Steiner to some 400 lectures and also gives detailed descriptions of certain specific lectures (eg the lectures on the fifth gospel), and on Steiner and the theme of the Christ.
  • Notes:
    • the 'unforgettable evening' of 1912-12-26 that Belyj mentioned cannot be traced in Hans Schmidt's reference (Das Vortragswerk Rudolf Steiners), Steiner was in Berlin on the 22nd - 24th and Hannover on the 27th, then continued to Koln on 28th. The Berlin lecture of 24th comes closest, being about 'betrachtungen ünder den Weinachstabend). However it would be surprising and quite unlikely that Belyj would be wrong with his date which is so important to him.
    • Belyj also wrote: 'Geheime Aufzeichnungen - Erinnerungen an das Leben im Umkreis Rudolf Steiners (1911-1915)' (1992 first in DE, 2nd edition 2002, original in RU manuscript 'Material k biografii (intimnyj)' published as 'Andrej Beyj i antroposofija' in 1989-1991)
• Nos 8 and 38 allow a broad view as they also contain impressions from non anthroposophists like Albert Schweitzer, Gustav Meyrink, Frank Kafka, Albert Einstein, Hermann Hesse, etc.
  • No 8 is probably the richest in that it contains impressions by 59 different people over >500 pages.
  • No 37 has shorter impressions by a multitude of people organized by time period.

Note 2 - Additions to tables FMC00.365 and FMC00.366

As mentioned, tables FMC00.365 and FMC00.366 are surely not complete. The section below logs some additions that will be part of the next update of these Schemas. Please let us know if you know of any others.

FMC00.365

• Rudolf Meyer: Wer war Rudolf Steiner? (1961)
• Herbert Wimbauer: 'Die Individualität Rudolf Steiners, das offenbare Geheimnis der Anthroposophie' (1979)
• Karen Swassjan: Rudolf Steiner - Ein Kommender (2005)
• Frederick Amrine: Discovering a genius: Rudolf Steiner at 150 (2017)
• re numbers 42-45 in the Schema table: these are called 'Vier Bildbände zu Rudolf Steiners Lebensgang'
  • Vol 2 - Das Wirken Rudolf Steiners von 1890 - 1907 : Weimar und Berlin (mit einem Vorw., einer Einl. und einem biographischen Anhang von Georg Hartmann)
  • Vol 4 - Das Wirken Rudolf Steiners 1917 - 1925 (Anhand von Guenther Wachsmuths Biographie "Rudolf Steiners Erdenleben und Wirken". - Mit einem Vorwort und einem biographischen Anhang versehen von Heinz Herbert Schöffler) (1987)

FMC00.366

• René Maikowski: 'Schicksalswege auf der Suche nach dem Lebendigen Geist' (1971, 1980)
• Fred Poeppig:
  • 'Die Bedeutung der siebenjährigen Entwicklungsperioden im Lebensgange Rudolf Steiners' (1950)
  • 'Rückblick auf Erlebnisse, Begegnungen, Persönlichkeiten' (1964, 1983)
• No 30 original in DE: 'Selbsterlebtes im Zusammensein mit Rudolf Steiner und Marie Steiner' (1970)

in relation

• Wilhelm Rath: 'Rudolf Steiner und Thomas von Aquino '(1911)

Related pages

• Rudolf Steiner's Gesamtausgabe (GA)
• Individuality of Rudolf Steiner

References and further reading

• See FMC00.365 and FMC00.366, and Note 2